If there's been one immutable rule all over American television history, it's been area news. Pretty much from the moment the station 1st signed on air, they commenced carrying nearby information where athletics always played A serious job. A lack of regular programming resources in these early many years led a lot of stations to show to sports to fill their broadcasting schedules. Ny's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its to start with broadcast was a specialist baseball activity ("NBC Background", 2003). When producing local newscasts to match their viewers, these stations typically integrated sporting activities and weather. As an example, in 1961 WKMG started off its to start with full-time news department in Orlando. Newscasts contain Frank Vaught's athletics stories ("The record of," 2003).
Sports have held a dominant position in nearby news broadcasting for many several years, but latest market developments have named into concern this placement. Segmented audiences, shifting demographics, and declining news profitability have forced the station to reexamine its nearby sports segment. “Sporting activities is among the final areas of Television set where by people today do things just how they normally have,” suggests tv government Elliott Wiser. “(These days) a new solution is necessary” (Deggans, 2000).
Challenge for Regional Television News
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Challenge for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and Television Information Director’s Affiliation(“Altering channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Television set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Trouble for Regional TV Sporting activities
None of this is Great news to the local tv sports sector, which happens to be progressively under scrutiny from station execs. Inspite of its standard existence in local newscasts, athletics have prolonged been deemed a "tuning" factor. In keeping with a survey via the Radio and Television Information Directors Basis, only 31% of viewers stated they had been 'very fascinated' in sports activities and 32% were being 'fairly fascinated' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to 72% who expressed fascination in the climate. "Sporting activities are very polarizing." claimed tv news specialist Brent Magid. “The bulk can settle for, leave, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Reports have revealed that Ladies are considerably less enthusiastic about sporting activities than men (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and lots of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early night newscasts. In keeping with station news director Jim Church, "Telling a story when nobody is listening is just not a fantastic usage of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have removed the sport, while some have decreased their allotted time. According to the working day from the week (weekends have far more athletics time), sports segments have historically obtained among 3 and five minutes of area information protection. Since variety is right down to a few minute. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Reduce enough time for athletics by just 3 plus a 50 percent minutes for three hours of news. Others in the industry have executed new techniques, for instance athletics stories that concentrate more on people than scores or cater to the broader news audience. "What we are looking to do now's treat sporting activities as information," states KDKA information director Al Blinke. “We wish to do one thing past sporting activities” (Finder, 2002).
Dialogue
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Television 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 스포츠중계 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Modifications in area athletics might be a mirrored image on the great upheaval taking place through broadcast news. In case the sports activities sector is now not Risk-free, what about other news elements? CBS Team News Vice chairman Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) stated, “[All this] forces us to reexamine the [news] design.”
On a far more fast level, improvements within the area sports activities sector instantly have an effect on thousands of aspiring sportscasters. Stations that happen to be decreasing their motivation to athletics are also minimizing their sporting activities workforce ranges, which impacts The task market. Yet another information director said, "[Sports activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two whole-time sportsmen to at least one total-time, just one in charge of the news 3 times each week, and it was a battle to stay there.”
Similarly vital, modifications in the best way athletics are introduced are forcing sporting activities broadcasters to find out new strategies. No more can sportscasters deal with scoring. They have to create the presentation a lot more participating for normal enthusiasts. This is often also vital for journalism colleges across the country, which must document what stations want inside the sports activities sector and update their education curricula.
Will these improvements get the job done or persist? Athletics journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented to the transform in KDKA, “Enable’s reserve closing judgment until eventually September, in the event the Steelers, faculty, and highschool soccer seasons get started in earnest. Then the station might be . There may be an mistake in clock management.”